What is a validation metric? A validation metric is a formula we use during model validation to confront the model predictions with the actual output values. The choice of a validation metric depends on the type of the problem. Validation…
What is model validation? Model validation is the step that comes after training. During model validation, we evaluate the accuracy of our model by seeing how it performs with data he hasn’t been trained on. This way we verify that…
In machine learning, we can identify data as a set of observations or measurements, called dataset, used to train and test a machine learning model. Data are crucial because artificial intelligence is built on them, and their quantity and quality…
Bias and variance are 2 fundamental metrics to describe a model’s ability to resolve a problem. Let’s say we have a dataset like this one. We want to represent the relationships between the x and y to predict new values.…
In this article, I’ll show you how to program linear regression from scratch in Python using ONLY MATH. Let’s get started. Why is coding linear regression from scratch useful? When I study a new machine learning model, I always get…
What linear regression is Linear regression is a supervised machine-learning algorithm that fits a straight line to the input data to represent the relationship between x and y. Linear regression structure Suppose we have a dataset that contains two columns,…
In this article, we’ll learn how to program a decision tree from scratch in Python using ONLY MATH. Let’s get started. Why is building a decision tree from scratch useful? When studying a new machine learning model, I always get…
In this article, I’ll show you how to program gradient descent from scratch in Python using ONLY MATH. Let’s get started. Why is coding gradient descent from scratch useful? When studying a new machine learning algorithm, I always get lost…
Disclaimer The gradient descent algorithm is based on the concept of the derivative of a function. Check this article before continuing. The gradient descent algorithm Gradient descent is a parameter optimization algorithm. Given an input function f(x), it finds the…
I began to hear about artificial intelligence with the boom of ChatGPT and other programs to generate images, text and audio. At that time I already had experience in programming, and I understood how a computer was only a simple…